Today corruption is almost a world phenomenon. It is, in fact, a universal problem, having existed in all ages. It has clung to mankind like an incurable disease. In a free and competitive society, investment of capital can yield only reasonable returns in the long run. But corruption or acceptance of bribes promises a rapid change in financial conditions Originally the Police and P.W.D. were notorious for corruption but now this evil has spread to almost every department of the Government. Even courts of justice and education are no exceptions.

Prevalence of corruption has created disappointment and discontent among the community. The machinery of Government gets rusted and ceases to work in the intended manner. Corruption decreases respect for law and sense of allegiance to the Government. In a society governed by corrupt officials, the whole system of moral, ethical and religious values is impaired. The distinction between right and wrong disappears. Revolutions and military take-overs become common. Every student of history knows that one of the main causes of the downfall of nations has been corruption. In his famous book "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", Gibbon has stated that as long as there were even two per cent honest men in the Roman administration, the Empire lingered on.

The factors that contribute to the prevalence of corruption differ from country to country. Those that are common in most countries including Pakistan are seven. First, general 

economic condition of the country is poor and everyone tries to feather his nest. Second, the Tates of remuneration of public functionaries are low, and they are tempted to accept bribes. Third, the

person Fifth, fail there general him. thing. Sixth, price Fourth, exists no level and the standard social strong conditions opinion laws confer on the and against of living customs are very high: honest demand corruption; it has public servants vast powers lavish been and expenditure accepted discretions, means of a as of a money. common they take undue advantage of that. Lastly, there are no adequate means to prevent corruption or bring the offenders to book.

To root out corruption, a complete change of the political, social and economic system is necessary. No revision of pay scales, however liberal, can reduce corruption. The reason is that the wealth targets aimed at by corrupt officials are very high. Similarly, a mere change in Government has to rely on permanent services for its day to day administration. Unless the motive or inducement for corruption is removed, corruption will continue. Four steps, however, may be of some use. First, wide discretionary powers should be taken away from individual officials. Second, Anti-corruption Department should be made more effective. Third, the minds of the people should be changed by the prevalence of moral values. Last, the punishment for corruption should be more exemplary.